/ 5 March 2011

Frontlines hard to find in Libya’s struggle

Just 100km from Muammar Gaddafi’s hometown, something didn’t feel right.

There were no signs of the rebel army, and we were getting perilously close to where the government forces were supposed to be.

In the distance we could see civilians manning the checkpoint into the town of Bin Jawad. They were not the exuberant gunmen flashing victory signs we were used to seeing in the rebel-controlled towns. There was also no sign of the flag of the old monarchy that had become the new symbol of the revolution.

Our driver quietly pulled our own rebel flag off the dashboard and began turning the car around, as it appeared we had stumbled through the lines into the latest no man’s land of Libya’s uprising-turned-civil war.

After a week-long stalemate, a time when rebel military gave no signs it was interested in advancing, a government strike against oil installations seems to have reignited the war in eastern Libya.

Earlier in the week, government forces from Sirte, Gadhafi’s hometown and the gateway to western Libya, moved against the lightly guarded oil facilities in Ras Lanouf and Brega, which together export some two-thirds of the country’s oil.

Local rebel militias, later aided by their compatriots in Benghazi, fought them off and started a push westward that has the Libyan rebel army playing catch up.

These days it can be a challenge to find the farthest limit of the rebel advance west, with every checkpoint providing conflicting information about the safety of the road ahead and the location of friendly forces.

After retaking Brega on Wednesday, rebel forces pushed out about 45km toward its sister oil refinery at Ras Lanouf. Army units soon followed and gave every indication they were digging in — until abruptly on Friday dozens of pick-up trucks of volunteers went roaring off to the west.

“We took the army camp near Ras Lanouf last night at 7 pm, but there were few weapons left, and the soldiers escaped,” said Borawi Saleh, an oil engineer and old veteran of the Libyan army who joined rebel forces as a volunteer.

“All of the army, I am sure, don’t like Muammar. They are just following orders and after a little fighting they run away,” he said, explaining the victory of a rag tag mixture of professional soldiers and enthusiastic volunteers riding in trucks with machine guns bolted on the back.

Apparent disorganisation
There has been little sign of the creaky armored vehicles the rebel army paraded around in the eastern cities after Gaddafi’s forces fled.

The rebel forces, for all their apparent disorganisation and spontaneity that would seem to be disastrous for purposes of military strategy, do seem to have momentum on their side.

The swift advance and comparatively light casualties suggest that, at least for now, government troops are not offering a great deal of resistance.

“He has planes and bombs but I have a strong heart and I am defending my land,” said Captain Abdel-Hamid Ali, while his fleet of six pick-up trucks pulled over at a rest stop in the grim, featureless desert.

Ali, who had no obvious rank insignia and wore wraparound sunglasses, camouflage pants, a down vest and a green army sweater, estimated that there were just 500 rebel forces involved in the push westward, but could not say when the next move would come.

“I am awaiting orders,” he said, waving his ancient Nokia cellphone in a desert country with often patchy reception.

North Africa, and especially the Libyan desert, has witnessed lightning campaigns before. In World War II, Allied and Axis forces fought years of seesaw battles across these same grim deserts, with the victors often being pushed back after overextending their supply lines.

The rebels are travelling light in their pick-up trucks, but it remains to be seen if the apparent organised chaos of their advance can be sustained until the stronghold of Sirte.

The town of Bin Jawad lies almost between Ras Lanouf and Sirte and was supposed to be the limit of the army’s advance. As we drove in, however, it seemed a quiet, eerie place without any of the revolutionary excitement further east.

‘They would raise up the green flag’
A trailer on the edge of town was burning fiercely for no apparent reason.

Residents were shifty and just answered that the road was clear up ahead, insisting that no one had seen forces from either side.

“The people here are frightened, they are still afraid of Gadhafi,” said Ibrahim al-Gouri, a Benghazi resident travelling in our car. “They would raise up the green flag if they had to,” he said, referring to the Libyan government standard.

We had reached the edge of Libya’s popular uprising and it was time to turn back and find the rebels.

Back in the landscaped grounds of the Ras Lanouf oil facility, whose foreign workers had been evacuated long before it became the front line, soldiers and volunteers lounged in grass, firing off occasional celebratory vollies.

They boasted about heading off immediately for Sirte or even all the way to the Tunisian border in the far west.

Ali Suleiman, a 34-year-old volunteer from Benghazi with a college degree, however, thought perhaps it was time to take a break.

“We will rest for a while and then we will advance, all the way to Sirte and Tripoli,” he said, wearing mirrored aviator sunglasses, a leather jacket and an Arab-style scarf dyed different colors on his head.

The laid back atmosphere evaporated suddenly with shouted orders on a truck carrying a loudspeaker to withdraw troops to an earlier checkpoint. Cars revved up and rebels jumped into the back of pickups.

The reason soon became apparent with the sound of a jet overhead, evoking everyone’s fear of the unstoppable air strike.

As our car raced back, the rebels opened up, perhaps futilely, with their heavy calibre anti-aircraft guns bolted to their trucks, against the unseen jet far overheard.

A few hours later we heard that rebel forces had finally reached Bin Jawad, and were continuing to advance. – Sapa-AP

  • Schemm has been reporting on the rebels in Eastern Libya for nearly two weeks