/ 4 September 2014

Zim elections: Have we reached peak Khampepe?

Jeremy Gauntlett SC is the advocate representing the Mail & Guardian in its attempt to get the presidency to release the Khampepe report to the newspaper.
Jeremy Gauntlett SC is the advocate representing the Mail & Guardian in its attempt to get the presidency to release the Khampepe report to the newspaper.

After six years of litigation in which the Mail & Guardian has tried to access the so-called Khampepe report into the 2002 Zimbabwean election, the Supreme Court of Appeal will likely become the second court to take a “judicial peek” at the report to decide whether it can be released to the public.

Advocate Jeremy Gauntlett SC, acting for the M&G, on Thursday asked the supreme court to “peek” at the report to decide whether the high court was correct in ordering the presidency to make the report public last year.

At the “crux” of the case, Gauntlett said, the presidency did not argue on Thursday that the high court was wrong because of the confidentiality of the Khampepe report; it was only arguing that the report could not be released because the report was written with the intention of creating policy.

A general theme that emerged on Thursday was that the merits of the actual report, and therefore the potential damage it could cause if released, were absent from the presidency’s argument.

In addition, the presidency was on Thursday forced to concede that if the supreme court should decide to overturn the high court’s order, it would in effect be asking it to overturn a decision of the Constitutional Court.

This was because the Constitutional Court had previously ruled that the issue of whether or not the report could be handed over was to be determined by a “judicial peek” at the report itself. In other words, it was to be decided based on the information the report contained.

Weighty affidavits
But on Thursday, advocate Marumo Moerane SC argued for the presidency that two supplementary affidavits submitted by former president Thabo Mbeki and President Jacob Zuma had enough weight to overturn that decision.

“The highest court in the land says the case must be decided on the report. You want us to dis-agree? That can’t be right,” said Justice Mohammed Navsa during arguments at the supreme court in Bloemfontein on Thursday.

This is the second time that the report has come before the supreme court. The report began its meander through the length and breadth of the judicial system with an application by the M&G for access to it in terms of the Promotion of Access to Information Act (Paia). That was refused, ostensibly on the substance of the appeal.

The issue made its way to the Constitutional Court, who ruled that the high court should take a “judicial peek” at the report to determine whether it could be handed over.

On February 14 2013, Judge Joseph Raulinga of the high court in Pretoria, having “peeked” at the report, ruled that it must be handed over to this newspaper.

The presidency appealed again, and it was that appeal that was heard on Thursday.

Part of policy
In successive litigation, the presidency said the report could not be released because it was authored to form part of policy.

But this argument was rejected by successive courts, including the supreme court on Thursday, which reiterated that this argument was only raised by the state after the Paia application was rejected.

In addition, the authors of the report, Constitutional Court justices Sisi Khampepe and Dikgang Moseneke, had told previous benches that they were under the impression the report was to be publicly released.

Hours before the high court was due to sit in Pretoria in 2013 to hear another round of litigation about the report, Mbeki and Zuma attempted to file affidavits to the court.

In the high court, Judge Raulinga had rejected the affidavits. These ­affidavits formed the basis of the presidency’s arguments on Thursday.

‘Academic’ appeal
On Thursday, Justice Navsa asked Moerane whether the appeal was “academic” because the report is said to confirm what human rights and public interest groups said about the 2002 election in Zimbabwe.

Moerane did not quite concede the point, but Navsa questioned why the report could not be released if the “high water mark” of what the report revealed was already public knowledge.

He asked whether the appeal then amounted to a “fight about history”.

Moerane said that was not true because the presidency still had concerns about the confidentiality of the report. The presidency maintains that releasing the report will risk diplomatic relations.

But Navsa asked why the court should not decide these concerns during a “judicial peek” at the report and, if it deemed necessary, a redacted version could be released.

Sealed report
At the outset, Navsa said the supreme court had not seen the report, which is sealed. But he said the court was considering taking its own “judicial peek” to make its decision.

Navsa then lingered on the presidency’s nexus argument, which was that the admission of the Mbeki and Zuma affidavits should overturn the Raulinga order.

But Navsa said that the presidency had initially denied the M&G‘s Paia application on the merits of the report.

He questioned how much emphasis could then be put on the importance of the two affidavits, which were only submitted years after the Paia application was considered.

“Why is the report itself not the ultimate trump card?” Navsa asked.

Important distinction
Justice Brand told Moerane that there was an important distinction between the intention of the affidavits, and the purpose the presidency now sought to attach to them.

“The whole idea of introducing Mbeki’s affidavit was to persuade the Constitutional Court that the judicial peek was not necessary, and that it could be decided on the papers,” Brand said, and Moerane agreed.

Navsa queried what purpose the affidavits now had, now that the issue was “post-peek”.

Brand also said he did not understand the purpose of Zuma’s affidavit, as at the time he was not the president, and therefore had no first-hand knowledge of the decision to send Khampepe and Moseneke to Zimbabwe.

Judgment was reserved on Thursday.