/ 2 April 2015

Iran, global powers reach agreement for historic nuclear deal

Talks with Iran at UN headquarters in Vienna in April sought to unpick the international nuclear knot.
Talks with Iran at UN headquarters in Vienna in April sought to unpick the international nuclear knot.

Iranian President Hassan Rouhani said the drafting of an agreement would begin immediately, after marathon talks in the Swiss city of Lausanne.
The text of a binding agreement “is to finish by June 30th” Rouhani added in a tweet sent minutes before a joint statement between Iran and the P5+1 group of leading nations was to be made in Lausanne.

After eight days of talks, US Secretary of State John Kerry tweeted it was a “big day” and that the global powers and Iran “now have parameters to resolve major issues on nuclear programme. Back to work soon on a final deal”.
His comments were echoed by European powers.

EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini hailed “good news” at the talks and said that Iran’s capacity to enrich uranium would be “reduced”.
The German foreign ministry said an “understanding had just been reached on key points” of an accord.
Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, who is negotiating in Lausanne, also said on Twitter: “Found solutions”.

The Iranian media said the deal would see Iran slash the number of its centrifuges to 6 000 from 19 000, including 1 000 at the key underground nuclear site of Fordo.
The aim before this round of talks began was to agree the main contours of a deal to be finalised by June 30 that reduces in scale Iran’s nuclear programme in return for relief from painful sanctions.

The powers hope that this will make it virtually impossible for Iran to make nuclear weapons under the guise of its civilian programme and end a crisis raging for 12 years.
Global powers want Iran to scale down its nuclear programme to extend the “breakout” time needed to assemble enough nuclear material to make a bomb, which Iran has always denied seeking.
But Iranian negotiators have been under pressure from domestic hardliners not to give too much away – while also delivering on Rouhani’s promise to win the lifting of sanctions.
Global powers had refused an immediate end to all sanctions, preferring instead a phased suspension to enable them to be put back in place if Iran violates the deal.

The issue of suspending UN sanctions is particularly tricky – Iran is also subject to US and EU measures – with discord among the powers about the mechanism for a “snap-back” if needed.

US President Barack Obama also needs a deal which he can sell to hostile Republicans in Congress, who remain sceptical of Iran’s pledges and are threatening to push for new sanctions from April 14.
Republicans and US allies like Israel and Saudi Arabia fear that if too much of Iran’s nuclear programme is left intact, it will still have the ability to obtain a nuclear bomb.
With the world’s fourth biggest oil and second biggest gas reserves, the energy industry is the cornerstone of Iran’s economy, but it was hit hard by the American and European embargo imposed in 2012.
The sanctions sent the economy of the OPEC member state into recession but it is now reporting growth again.

Sanctions will be lifted
The US and EU will lift all nuclear-related sanctions on Iran when the UN atomic watchdog has verified that it has stuck to a ground-breaking deal slashing its suspect nuclear programme, EU and Iranian negotiators said Thursday.
“The European Union will terminate the implementation of all nuclear-related economic and financial sanctions and the United States will cease the application of all nuclear-related economic and financial sanctions simultaneously with the IAEA-verified implementation by Iran of its key nuclear commitments,” the EU’s foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini said.

In a speech made this evening, Obama welcomed the “historic understanding” of the deal, and said the deal was based on “unprecedented verification”. He also said he would make contact with Israel’s Benjamin Netanyahu about the Iran nuclear deal, and that the best solution to the issue was a diplomatic one – but that the “work is still not done”.
France’s Francoise Hollande said that the sanctions on Iran would be reimposed if the deal was not being applied. – AFP