The Shi’ite alliance nominated a tough-talking Shi’ite politician, Jawad al-Maliki, as prime minister in a move that breaks the long impasse over forming a new government aimed at pulling Iraq out of its sectarian strife.
Al-Maliki replaces outgoing Prime Minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari, whose attempt to stay for a second term had raised sharp opposition from Sunni Arab and Kurdish leaders and caused a deadlock that lasted months as the country’s security crisis worsened in the wake of last December’s election.
Sunni and Kurdish politicians signalled on Friday that they would accept al-Maliki — a close ally of al-Jaafari in the Shi’ite Dawa Party — clearing the way for Parliament on Saturday to elect top leadership positions, including the president, and launch the process of putting together a government.
United States and Iraqi officials are hoping that a national unity government representing Shi’ites, Sunnis and Kurds will be able to quell both the Sunni-led insurgency and bloody Shi’ite-Sunni violence that has raged during the political uncertainty. If it succeeds, it could enable the US to begin returning home its 133 000 troops.
White House spokesperson Scott McClellan said the Bush administration is hopeful that the latest political developments in Iraq will lead to significant progress in forming a permanent government.
”We hope to see good progress in the coming days,” McClellan told reporters travelling with US President George Bush to California. ”We’ll be watching.”
Violence continued on Friday with at least 21 people killed, including six in a car bombing in Tal Afar and six off-duty Iraqi soldiers slain in Beiji, police said. The US military announced that a marine was fatally injured in combat on Thursday in Anbar province.
Al-Maliki has a reputation as a hard-line, outspoken defender of the Shi’ite stance — raising questions over whether he will be able to negotiate the delicate sectarian balancing act.
From exile in Syria in the 1980s and 1990s, he directed Dawa guerrillas fighting Saddam Hussein’s regime. Since returning home after Saddam’s fall, he has been a prominent member of the commission purging former Ba’ath Party officials from the military and government. Sunni Arabs, who made up the backbone of Saddam’s ousted party, deeply resent the commission.
Al-Maliki was also a tough negotiator in drawn-out deliberations over a new Constitution that was passed last year despite Sunni Arab objections. He resisted US efforts to put more Sunnis on the drafting committee as well as Sunni efforts to water down provisions giving Shi’ites and Kurds the power to form semi-autonomous mini-states in the north and south.
In talks on Friday, the largest party in the seven-member Shi’ite alliance — the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (Sciri) — initially pushed for the nomination of another Dawa party leader, Ali al-Adeeb, seen as more moderate and less likely to alienate Sunnis.
But Dawa insisted on al-Maliki, who is closer to al-Jaafari. Al-Adeeb, who spent part of his 20-year exile in Iran, was said to have frequent conflicts with al-Jaafari.
Sciri backed off as Sunnis and Kurds said they could accept al-Maliki, apparently out of eagerness to end the political deadlock as long as al-Jaafari was out of the picture.
”If anyone is nominated except al-Jaafari, we won’t put any obstacles in his way. He will receive our support,” said Adnan al-Dulaimi, head of the main Sunni Arab coalition in Parliament.
Saleh al-Mutlaq, a leading Sunni politician who was also in the constitutional drafting committee, said al-Maliki is ”firmer and a much more insistent” person than al-Jaafari. But he said that despite his toughness, al-Maliki is ”practical” and more flexible.
”I think if al-Maliki worked hard to get rid of his Ba’ath Party complexes, he will succeed,” al-Mutlaq said.
Sunnis and Kurds had blamed the rise of sectarian tensions on al-Jaafari for failing to rein in Shi’ite militias and interior ministry commandos, accused by the Sunnis of harbouring death squads. Those parties refused to join any government headed by al-Jaafari.
Al-Jaafari, who has served as prime minister since April 2005, was nominated by the alliance for a second term in February by a one-vote margin, relying on support from radical, anti-American cleric Muqtada al-Sadr.
Since then, al-Jaafari had stalwartly rejected pressure to give up the post, until Iraq’s most powerful Shi’ite cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, sent word that he should go. On Thursday, al-Jaafari gave the alliance the go-ahead to pick a new nominee.
With the deal on al-Maliki, Shi’ite, Sunni and Kurdish parties were set to fill the other top posts of government in a Parliament vote expected on Saturday, said Humam Hammoudi, the spokesperson for the Shi’ite alliance.
Shi’ite lawmaker Ridha Jawad Taqi said all sides were agreed on a package deal for the top spots: Jalal Talabani, a Kurd, would remain as president for a second term, with Sunni Arab Tariq al-Hashimi and Shi’ite Adil Abdul-Mahdi holding the two vice-president spots.
Mahmoud al-Mashhadani, a Sunni, would become parliament speaker with two deputies — Khalid al-Attiyah, a Shi’ite, and Aref Tayfour, a Kurd.
The new prime-minister nominee will now face the task of putting together a national unity government, meaning divvying up the ministries among Shi’ite, Sunni and Kurdish parties.
One source of conflict is likely to be the powerful interior ministry, which currently held by Sciri. Sunnis will probably push for a change and demand the uprooting of Shi’ite militias from the ministry’s security forces.
Once the president is approved by Parliament, he will designate al-Maliki to form a government within 30 days. Lawmakers must then approve each member of the government by a majority vote.
Politicians will then face another tough fight over amendments to the Constitution that Sunni Arabs plan to pursue.
Al-Maliki — whose real name is Nouri Kamel al-Maliki but took the name Jawad while in exile — fled Iraq in 1980, when Saddam’s regime launched a crackdown on the Dawa Party, then a leading Shi’ite opposition movement.
He went first to Iran, then left for Syria along with al-Jaafari in the mid-1980s after the party split between a pro-Iran faction and those who refused to join the Iranian army to fight against the Iraqi army.
While in Syria, al-Maliki was in charge of the ”Jihad Office”, a branch responsible for directing activists and guerrillas inside Iraq. — Sapa-AP
Associated Press correspondents Qassim Abdul-Zahra in Baghdad and Salah Nasrawi and Omar Sinan contributed to this report from Cairo, Egypt