Major world powers condemned North Korea after it said it successfully conducted a nuclear test on Monday, and called for United Nations-sponsored sanctions that could further impoverish the isolated communist state.
Pyongyang’s chief ally China denounced the test as ”brazen” and urged it to avoid action that could worsen the situation, and Russian President Vladimir Putin also condemned the test.
United States President George Bush called Pyongyang’s underground test a ”provocative act” that threatened international peace and security and required an immediate response from the UN Security Council.
Monday’s announcement by Pyongyang sharply escalated world concerns over North Korea’s nuclear programme and was a slap in the face for major regional and world powers engaged in six-party talks intended to prevent just such a test.
It delivered a sharp blow to Chinese President Hu Jintao’s doctrine of using economic incentives and diplomatic coaxing to avert North Korea’s drive to become a nuclear weapons state. Only seven states have acknowledged having nuclear weapons.
Britain and France said they would support sanctions. ”The discussion will be on sanctions,” France’s UN Ambassador Jean-Marc de la Sabliere told reporters on his way into UN Security Council session. ”The time has come to have a chapter seven resolution.”
Chapter seven makes a resolution mandatory for all UN members and allows for sanctions and even war. But the Security Council has to state specifically what kind of action members want.
North Korea’s announcement pushed the dollar to an eight-month high against the yen and helped shove oil above $60 a barrel. South Korea’s won fell to two-month lows, but the reaction by US stocks was muted, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average off about 20 points in mid-morning trading.
Bush said North Korea had been a leading proliferator of missile technology, including transfers to Iran and Syria, and warned Pyongyang against such a transfer of nuclear weapons.
”The transfer of nuclear weapons or material by North Korea to states or non-state entities would be considered a grave threat to the US and we would hold North Korea fully accountable for consequences of such action,” he said.
Bush said he spoke by phone to leaders of China, South Korea, Japan and Russia — the other parties involved in long-stalled negotiations with North Korea — and all agreed that the test was unacceptable.
While stressing his commitment to diplomacy, Bush said he had told South Korea and Japan that ”the US will meet the full range of our deterrent and security commitments” in the Asia-Pacific region.
North Korea’s action presented Bush and fellow Republicans a further foreign policy challenge four weeks ahead of US elections where control of the US Congress is at stake.
South Korea put its troops on heightened alert after the announcement, which came just minutes before Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe landed in Seoul for a visit.
Pyongyang’s official Korean Central News Agency said there was no leak or danger from its test.
”It marks an historic event as it greatly encouraged and pleased the KPA [Korean People’s Army] and people that have wished to have powerful self-reliant defence capability.”
The US Geological Survey said it had detected a 4,2-magnitude tremor in North Korea at 10.35am local time. The Japan Meteorological Agency said its data showed a tremor took place around Gilju, on the peninsula’s north-east coast, about 110km from the Chinese border.
Assessing explosion’s size
There was no consensus on the size of the North Korean blast.
A US official said it could take several days for intelligence analysts to determine whether the event was the result of an unsuccessful nuclear test, a small nuclear device or a non-nuclear explosion.
”In terms of yield, we have it registering at less than four on the Richter scale. That’s the kind of thing that could be the result of several hundred tons of TNT, rather than a nuclear test,” the official added.
Gary Gibson of Australia’s Seismology Research Centre put it at about one kiloton, the equivalent of 1 000 tons of TNT. Russia’s RIA news agency quoted Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov as saying it ranged between 5 and 15 kilotons.
The US Air Force dropped a 12,5-kiloton bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in 1945.
Analysts say North Korea probably has enough fissile material to make six to eight nuclear bombs but probably lacks the technology to devise one small enough to mount on a missile.
The chief of South Korea’s intelligence agency told lawmakers it was possible North Korea would carry out a second test, Seoul’s Yonhap news agency quoted one deputy as saying.
The United Nation’s nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), said Pyongyang’s test threatened a global treaty to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
”This reported nuclear test threatens the nuclear non-proliferation regime and creates serious security challenges not only for the East Asian region but also for the international community,” the IAEA said in a statement.
Seoul, Beijing and Tokyo agree Pyongyang should end its 11-month boycott of six-nation talks on ending its nuclear arms program. — Reuters