Iraq’s precarious government was teetering on Friday as a powerful Shi’ite militia leader threatened to withdraw support after sectarian killings reached a new peak and the country lurched closer to all-out civil war.
The Prime Minister, Nuri al-Maliki, was forced to choose between his United States protectors and an essential pillar of his coalition, when Moqtada al-Sadr declared his intention to walk out, potentially bringing down the government, if al-Maliki went ahead with a meeting with US President George Bush in Jordan next week.
Al-Maliki, a moderate Shi’ite, faced the dilemma as the cycle of killings reached new levels of savagery. On Friday, there were reports that at least 60 Sunnis had died in revenge killings and suicide attacks, including one episode in which Shi’ite militiamen seized six Sunnis as they were leaving a mosque, doused them with petrol and set them alight, while soldiers reportedly stood by.
In another attack, gunmen burned mosques and killed more than 30 Sunnis in Baghdad’s Hurriya district before US forces intervened.
The violence added new urgency to a regional summit in Tehran this weekend on Iraq’s fate. Iraq’s neighbours, particularly Syria and Iran, have been accused of pulling strings in the Iraqi chaos, and Iran’s President, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, was on Saturday due to play host to his Iraqi counterpart, Jalal Talabani.
The Syrian leader, Bashar al-Assad, was invited but reports from Damascus suggested he would not attend. Syria restored diplomatic relations with Iraq this week after a 24-year gap.
In a reflection of the importance Iran attaches to the summit, Talabani is also expected to meet the Iranian supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who has the ultimate say on foreign policy.
Iran’s Foreign Minister, Manouchehr Mottaki, predicted that Talabani’s visit would produce ”important agreements”. He described the violence and the US-British occupying forces as ”two sides of the same coin”, adding: ”The two issues should be taken into consideration jointly and a comprehensive solution found.”
Observers in Tehran said the government there hoped to use its summit as an overture to Washington. ”The Iranian leadership are trying to use Mr Talabani, who has a special role inside Iraq and has never criticised Iran, as a mediator between Tehran and Washington,” said Saeed Leylaz, a political analyst. ”Mr Ahmadinejad is hopeful that he can attract America’s attention through Iraq.”
One unknown quantity at the summit will be how much sway the Ahmadinejad government has over al-Sadr, who visited Tehran last January and met senior Iranian officials, including the country’s chief nuclear negotiator, Ali Larijani.
The broader question, growing more urgent each day, is whether anyone can now control the cycle of violence. Thursday was the most deadly day for Iraqi civilians, and morgue statistics showed that the past month has been the bloodiest since the 2003 invasion, according to the United Nations, with 3 709 civilians killed.
Since taking office, al-Maliki has been under constant US pressure to disarm the Mehdi army and other Shi’ite militias, while remaining beholden to them to stay in power. The al-Sadr party demanded on Friday that al-Maliki ”specify the nature of its relations with the occupation forces”, demanded a timetable for a US withdrawal, and issued its ultimatum over the scheduled Bush-al-Maliki meeting in Jordan next Wednesday and Thursday.
”There is no reason to meet the criminal who is behind the terrorism,” said Faleh Hassan Shansal, a Sadrist MP.
The White House appeared determined that the meeting should go ahead, after Bush attends a Nato summit in Latvia on Tuesday. ”The United States is committed to helping the Iraqis, and President Bush and Prime Minister al-Maliki will meet next week to discuss the security situation in Iraq,” said Scott Stanzel, a deputy White House spokesperson.
Al-Sadr’s people have six Cabinet seats and 30 members in the 275-member Parliament. Their vote in the intra-Shi’ite haggling helped to select al-Maliki as prime minister over other Shi’ite rivals.
Al-Sadr used Friday prayers in the main mosque in Kufa, his headquarters in the Shi’ite heartland south of Baghdad, to focus on Sunni leaders. He urged them to help end the slide into sectarian civil war.
Appealing directly to Harith al-Dari, the leader of the Association of Muslim Scholars — a radical Sunni organisation which has always denounced the US occupation — al-Sadr told the congregation: ”He has to release a fatwa prohibiting the killing of Shi’ites so as to preserve Muslim blood and must prohibit membership of al-Qaeda or any other organisation that has made Shi’ites their enemies.” — Guardian Unlimited Â