Merkels victory vindicates her tough-love policies (Photo Archive)
More than three years into the European Union’s worst-ever nightmare, Merkel, uniquely in the eurozone, has been rewarded for her handling of the currency and sovereign debt crisis. Everywhere else voters have punished governments.
Her victory demonstrates the gulf between Germany and the rest of the EU, although it is not clear what impact her third term will have on the direction of the crisis.
Merkel’s second term coincided with the euro crisis. As she was forming her coalition with the Free Democrats (FDP) in October 2009, Greece went belly up, prompting deep doubts about the euro and the survival of the EU.
She has been resented and criticised across Europe for her crisis management and responses.
Berlin became alarmed at the resurrection of the “ugly German” stereotype in neighbouring countries. But German voters have voiced their approval.
As former United States president Bill Clinton famously remarked: “It’s the economy, stupid.”
Jobs and prosperity remain stable
And Germans have given Merkel a third term because, despite big problems forecast for the future, German living standards, jobs and prosperity have remained stable while mayhem has struck across large parts of the eurozone.
An opinion poll by Pew in May found striking contrasts in Europe on how the Germans saw themselves and how the public in other countries saw them.
It concluded that Germans were living “on a different continent” from the rest of the EU.
That finding is confirmed by this week’s election and is likely to generate further political and psychological problems in Europe’s efforts to emerge from such a deep crisis.
Since the Greek emergency snowballed in 2010, 12 governments have fallen in a eurozone of 17 countries, whether of the right or the left.
Merkel is the only leader to buck this trend.
Political upheaval
The political upheaval shook not only the bailed-out or ailing countries, such as Greece, Ireland or Spain, but also hit the creditor countries doing OK through the turmoil, such as Finland, Slovakia or the Netherlands. Germany is the exception in this pattern.
From Greece and Italy to the Netherlands, these testing political times have seen the rise of anti-European mavericks and populists on the hard left and on the extreme right seeking to usurp mainstream political elites. Again, Germany remains the most notable exception.
Merkel has been the dominant figure in drafting Europe’s response to the crisis, the architect of austerity, a word that she privately professes to despise.
Her approach has been incremental, cautious, always only acting at the last minute.
She has been accused of dithering, of lacking resolve and boldness.
But her winning a third term, with an increased share of the vote for her Christian Democrats than in 2009 no less, will vindicate her confidence in the way she has dealt with the challenge.
Little quick change
She will be encouraged to carry on as before, not least since she is confident that the heat is going out of the crisis and that her emphasis on savings, cuts and structural reforms in the stricken eurozone economies is beginning to pay off.
This suggests there will be little quick change in her policies on Europe, unless there are major developments in a large ailing country such as Italy or France.
She is under no pressure at home to change in any case. The main opposition Social Democrats and Greens might bicker and attack her policies, but where and when it matters, in the chamber of the Bundestag in Berlin, they have always voted with her on the important decisions.
The opposition to Merkel on the euro has come from within her own ranks, defecting backbenchers, her junior coalition partner, the FDP, and from her Bavarian sister party, the Christian Social Union.
Depending on the complexion of the new coalition, that domestic opposition may grow.
That hinges on whether the country’s first Eurosceptic party, the Alliance for Germany (AfD), makes it over the 5% hurdle into Parliament and whether the FDP manages likewise.
An FDP out of parliament may opt to sharpen its Euroscepticism as a tool of recovery.
An AfD that gets in or narrowly misses might seek to use next year’s European Parliament elections to increase its support.
And if a grand coalition of strengthened Christian Democrats and weakened Social Democrats emerges, the German Parliament will become a rubber stamp, perhaps helping protest movements to make a lot of noise on the political fringes.
Merkel’s victory makes her Europe’s unassailable leader, however uneasy she might be in that role. — © Guardian News & Media 2013