Middle-class mothers in France could be paid up to â,¬1 000 (R7 700) a month — almost the minimum wage — to stop work for a year and have a third child under a government scheme to boost the birth rate, already among the highest in Europe.
Despite female employment statistics that are the envy of the continent, the government remains worried about the reluctance of better-educated women to have babies. A plan to be unveiled by the Prime Minister, Dominique de Villepin, on Thursday is expected to double an existing cash incentive for big families.
In a Europe facing serious demographic decline, France’s buoyant birthrate of 1,9 children a woman is well above the average of 1,4 and surpassed only by Ireland. France can also boast one of the European Union’s highest rates of female employment: 81% of women between 25 and 49 are in work, including 75% of those with two children (and 51% of those with more than two).
But a recent report by Hubert Brin, the head of the National Union of Family Associations, warned that even France’s high birth rate will not prevent the population shrinking.
One of the problems is that middle-class and professional women are postponing the age at which they start a family (the 2004 average was 29,6), and are spacing out their pregnancies (now nearly four years between the first and second child). As a result, fewer women will have more than two children.
The government hopes to reverse the downtrend by raising an existing â,¬512 monthly grant, the allowance paid to mothers (or, in theory but rarely in practice, fathers) who put their jobs on hold to raise a second or third child.
The grant will be available only for a third baby, and limited to one year. But it will be tied to the parent’s salary, with an expected ceiling of â,¬1 000. The French minimum wage is â,¬1 200 a month.
”The old deal only really attracted women in poorly paid work, not those with qualifications and competitive career jobs,” said Dominique Meda, a leading social policy specialist. ”This one could be that extra encouragement they need to take the plunge. It may even encourage some fathers to take a year off.”
France’s family policy, launched in the 1970s, aims to improve the country’s birth rate and keep as many women in work as possible.
”The main point is that women here no longer stop working when they have children: the majority work, even those with three kids,” said Meda.
The French state aims to make it easy for working women to have children — either by allowing them to take time off from their jobs without too much of a financial loss, or by providing cheap, high-quality child care.
Maternity leave, on near full pay, ranges from 20 weeks for the first child to 40 or more for a third. A whole gamut of grants, allowances and tax breaks is available, increasing substantially once a family has three children: all French ”familles nombreuses” get about â,¬300 in monthly allowances and travel as good as free on public transport.
At the same time, the network of state-run or state-approved crèches — for children from two months old — has been expanded over the past decade or so, as has the number of state-registered child-minders.
Depending on the family’s income, child care costs from virtually nothing to about â,¬500 a month for the most well-off. Nursery school from 8.30am to 4.30pm is free for every child from the age of three.
”We plainly have a very good system compared with many countries,” said Sylvie Clarke (37), a mother of three from Lille. ”It’s true that, in France, you can have babies without it being a major financial blow, and without worrying whether you’ll be able to go back to work afterwards.”
Clarke, a bank executive, said she had been able to take up to a year off work for each of her three children because of the generous maternity leave offered by her employer, and so had never considered taking extended parental leave.
”It didn’t appeal to people earning much more than the minimum wage,” she said. ”So it’s plain that by raising the ceiling they’ll interest a whole new group.
”But I’m not sure that women in really highly competitive jobs, where presence is everything, will be tempted. And at the end of the day, it’s not more money — or rather less of a financial penalty — that makes you want a third child. It’s the idea of having a third child.” — Guardian Unlimited Â