Burma freed at least 200 political prisoners on Friday in an amnesty that could embolden the opposition and put pressure on the West to lift sanctions as one of the world’s most reclusive states opens up after half a century of authoritarian rule.
Among those freed are long-persecuted democrats and ethnic leaders whose proven ability to organise and inspire could heap pressure on President Thein Sein to accelerate nascent reforms.
The United States and Europe have said freeing political prisoners is crucial to even considering lifting the economic sanctions that have isolated the former British colony, also known as Burma, and pushed it closer to China during five decades of often-brutal military rule that ended last March.
“The release of all political prisoners is a long-standing demand of the international community and I warmly welcome these releases as a further demonstration of the Burmese government’s commitment to reform,” British Foreign Secretary William Hague said.
As big as France and Britain combined, Burma lies between India, China and Southeast Asia with ports on the Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea, all of which make it an energy security asset for Beijing’s landlocked western provinces and a US priority as President Barack Obama strengthens engagement with Asia.
Its resources include natural gas, timber and precious gems. Burma is building a multibillion-dollar port through which oil can reach a 790km pipeline under construction with Chinese money and workers.
It was unclear exactly how many political detainees were among the 651 inmates covered by the amnesty, the second ordered by authorities in four months. About 230 political detainees were released in an earlier general amnesty on October 12.
Min Ko Naing
The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma), a group that tracks prisoners, said at least 200 had been freed on Friday. These included Min Ko Naing and other members of the “88 Generation Students Group”, who led a pro-democracy uprising in 1988 when thousands of protesters were killed.
Also freed was Shin Gambira, a Buddhist monk who led 2007 street protests crushed by the army. He was 27 years old when sentenced to 68 years in prison in 2007. Khin Nyunt, the once-powerful chief of military intelligence (MI), was also released from house arrest.
Appointed prime minister in 2003, he ushered in a then-derided seven-point “road map to democracy” but was purged a year later in circumstances that were never explained. He had been under house arrest ever since.
Speaking to reporters outside his home in Yangon, Khin Nyunt expressed hope for the country, citing recent meetings between the president and opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi, and visits by dignitaries such as Hillary Clinton, who last month became the first US Secretary of State to visit Burma in 50 years.
“These are good signs,” he said, after stressing he had no plans to return to government. “I’m not going into politics.”
Political gamble
Sai Nyunt Lwin (60) a prominent ethnic Shan politician, said he and all other leaders of his former Shan Nationalities’ League for Democracy (SNLD) were freed.
The amnesty is a gamble for Thein Sein, a former general.
Freed dissidents will no doubt strengthen Suu Kyi’s movement, but there are also concerns some could push for changes more radical than the government and Suu Kyi want.
Suu Kyi, a 1991 Nobel Peace Prize-winner released in 2010 from 15 years of house arrest, will run in a by-election for parliament in April and has said she trusts the new nominally civilian government that replaced the junta last March.
Prisoner numbers unclear
Washington says it is ready to support reforms and possibly lift sanctions, but that political prisoners must be freed first. The United States has also demanded Burma make peace with armed ethnic minorities and organise credible elections.
On Thursday, the government signed a ceasefire with ethnic Karen rebels to try to end one of the world’s longest-running insurgencies, although fighting still rages with ethnic Kachins in the north. The government has also some eased media controls.
“The government should ensure that there are no obstacles to these activists participating in public life and upcoming elections,” rights group Human Rights Watch said in a statement. It called for international monitors to be allowed in to account for political prisoners that might still be behind bars.
The exact number of political prisoners remains unclear.
Rights groups and the United Nations have put it at about 2Â 100. But minister for home affairs Lieutenant General Ko Ko told UN Special Rapporteur Tomas Ojea Quintana in August the number was 600, or about 400 after the October 12 amnesty.
Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy put the total on Friday at about 500. It provides help to more than 460 people it considers “prisoners of conscience”, said Naing Naing, the party official in charge of assistance. There were “a few dozen” more who did not seek its help, he said.
Bo Kyi, cofounder of the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma), said those not included some convicted on explosive charges, such as Ko Pyay Aye. His association had identified 1Â 536 political prisoners before Friday’s release.
But diplomats and some analysts question those numbers and say they depend on definitions — whether rebels or those who used force to oppose the government are included, for example.
A review of the AAPP’s list of prisoners by European diplomatic missions in Thailand suggested the number of noncombatant “prisoners of conscience” appeared to be about 600, or about 800 before October’s amnesty. — Reuters