/ 5 August 2014

SA earthquake big, but not uncommon

Sa Earthquake Big, But Not Uncommon

One person was killed and 17 injured when a 5.5 magnitude earthquake hit South Africa on Tuesday, causing scares in North West mining operations and evacuations in large parts of the country.

“For South Africa, a 5.5 magnitude quake is quite big, but it’s not uncommon,” said Herman van Niekerk, a structural geologist from the University of Johannesburg.

“It went on for about 20 seconds or so, but some people say they felt it for a lot longer,” he said.

The quake, one of South Africa’s largest magnitude earthquakes in the past decade, was felt as far away as Mozambique and Botswana.

Epicentre
The Council for Geoscience said its epicentre was in the Orkney region in North West, where one person was killed.

“It occurred in the Stilfontein, Klerksdorp and Orkney region and it was quite widely felt … as far as the Eastern Cape,” said the Council for Geoscience’s Michelle Grobbelaar.

She said more tremors, aftershocks and possibly a second quake of the same magnitude were expected, but could not say when.

“We are monitoring. It will continue for days, if not months,” said Grobbelaar.

“More tremors are expected. We can expect one of the same magnitude in the future, we just don’t know when. We cannot predict.”

Citizens in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and the Free State reported feeling the quake.

Single casualty
ER24 spokesperson Luyanda Majija said the body of a 31-year-old man was found in an old mining village in Orkney following the quake. “He was found lying under some debris,” she said.

Majija confirmed that there were no miners trapped in mines around Orkney following the earthquake. “There are no entrapments. Most miners working in various mines have been brought out,” she said. “Most shafts have been evacuated.”

According to AngloGold Ashanti, 17 employees at its Vaal River operations were injured.

“Early indications are that 17 of our employees at the Great Noligwa and Moab Khotsong mines sustained minor injuries and are being attended to on-site by emergency medical staff,” it said. “We are in the process of establishing telephonic contact with all mining crews, in line with our safety protocols.”

Johannesburg emergency services spokesperson Robert Mulaudzi said the quake was felt in most parts of the city. “The city has not received any reports of injuries, or collapsed building. However, we will be monitoring the situation.”

Evacuations
In Tshwane, the offices of the public protector and two buildings at the University of Pretoria were evacuated.

Free State police spokesperson Captain Steven Thakeng said reports were received from Thabong and Welkom that pupils were evacuated from schools as a precaution.

The United States Geological Survey said on its website that the quake was felt as far off as Botswana. “This earthquake is severely dangerous because the epicentre is located right below Orkney and Klerksdorp,” it said.

It reported that severe shaking was felt in Klerksdorp and there was an unconfirmed report of a building that had collapsed, where people were trapped. Another report on the website said a school building in Klerksdorp shook so badly that pupils were thrown off balance.

Personal accounts
In Ventersdorp, about 55km from Potchefstroom, resident Solomon Mere said he was at work when they heard a strange sound. “It was as if something heavy was coming. We left our office and rushed to the street to see it. We could not see anything and suddenly the earth vibrated under our feet,” he said.

In Durban, the 32-storey Durban Bay House, one of the tallest buildings in the city, was evacuated. “I felt it. I thought I was going mad. I stood up and saw my colleagues rushing out,” said Lungelo Xaba, who works on the 17th floor of the building.

Andrew Trench, the editor of the Witness newspaper, wrote on Facebook: “We all ran from our building when the tremor hit here. It was crazy. I thought our building was collapsing.”

The Folha de Maputo website in Mozambique reported that a number of buildings in the capital city were evacuated. It quoted an unnamed office worker from an office building as saying: “Suddenly I just felt the chair take me to the corner of the room and immediately got up and told the others who were also alarmed by the shudder of the building.”

Earth’s crust under stress
Van Niekerk said the quake was an indication that the earth’s crust was under stress. “It tells us about the stress conditions in the Earth’s crust at the moment, and something is putting it under stress.”

Van Niekerk said one of the “stresses” could be what was happening in the Great Rift Valley, in the north of Africa, where violent seismic activity was reportedly tearing the continent in two.

“That will cause some other stresses throughout the Earth’s crust, and with these stresses you might have very old structures – older than gold mines, which were there billions of years ago – that could be remobilised to relieve stresses.”

Van Niekerk did not believe mining operations were to blame for the earthquake.

“We’ve had 5.2 [magnitude] in Welkom in 1976, we’ve had 4.7 in Carletonville in 1992 and in 2011 we had [a] five magnitude in the Augrabies, in the Northern Cape.”

According to the Council for Geosciences, a 5.3 magnitude earthquake struck the same region in North West in 2005.

More recently, a 4 magnitude earthquake struck the Johannesburg region in November last year, while one with the same magnitude struck Bela-Bela in Limpopo in December. – Sapa