Creator

Karabo Mangena

Ongoing wars and conflicts — economic and military — are not aberrations of liberal democracy. They are what happens when its procedural framework operates without ethical restraint, in a system designed around extraction.

AFRICA DAY 2026

22 MAY 2026

Africa holds the ethical power that liberal democracy has lost

Liberal democracy contains a structural problem that its defenders rarely acknowledge. It is a procedural system for organising competition. It legitimises decision-making…

Karabo Mangena

6 min read