Mbulle-Nziege Leonard, The Continent

Creator

Mbulle-Nziege Leonard, The Continent

Mbulle-Nziege Leonard is a research analyst at Africa Risk Consulting. This analysis was produced in collaboration with Democracy in Africa

France’s Defence Minister Florence Parly (2ndR) awards a posthumous Legion of Honour as she pays tribute in front of the coffin of French brigadier-chief Alexandre Martin killed in Mali by a mortar shells attack of the Gao camp, during a national homage in Hyere, southeastern France, on January 27, 2022. – His death brings to 53 the total number of combat deaths suffered by French forces since they first deployed troops to Mali nine years ago to fight an insurgency by Islamic extremists. (Photo by CLEMENT MAHOUDEAU / AFP)

CHARLES DE GAULLE

Je t’aime moi non plus: The state of Françafrique

France’s role as international security guarantor in Francophone Africa is being contested, especially in the Central African Republic and Mali

Mbulle-Nziege Leonard, The Continent