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Mail & Guardian
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Scene of daily life in a Bantustan, or Homeland, near Johannesburg in South Africa, in February 1963. The bantustans or homelands were African reserves allocated to the country’s different black ethnic groups, established in 1951 by the “Bantu Authorities Act” introduced by the government of Daniel Francois Malan as part of the policy of apartheid. These homelands were independent states to which each African was assigned by the government according to the record of origin, losing his citizenship in South Africa and any right of involvement with the South African Parliament which held complete hegemony over the homelands. (Photo by EPU/AFP)
AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

Tembeka Ngcukaitobi: The ANC’s inertia on land could be the betrayal of its founding principles

The party’s founders focused it’s mission on the problem of the day – land – which remains a central issue. Yet, since 1994, the ANC has been hesitant and timid in resolving the…

  • Tembeka Ngcukaitobi
15 min read
Eskom and Iscor were formed to feed the railway network’s need for cheap electricity and steel. (Nadine Hutton/Bloomberg)
BARRY HERTZOG

South Africa’s state owned companies: a complex history that’s seldom told

Why were they established in the first place and how have they survived this long? Their histories provide clues for their successes and failures

  • Nancy L Clark
7 min read
A figure of former prime minister James Barry Hertzog.
BARRY HERTZOG

Zuma: Hertzog statue removed after exhaustive consultation process

The removal of Barry Hertzog’s statue was done after thorough consultations, says President Jacob Zuma after the unveiling of a new Madiba statue.

  • Jonisayi Maromo
3 min read