Between Oil City, Pennsylvania and Canton, Ohio, a hilly, leafy terrain gives way to a landscape as flat and appealing as warm Pepsi. Arriving in Canton on Interstate 77 you pass a Hoover plant, which has laid off more than 800 workers in the past seven months, and then a huge religious billboard asking: “Saved?” and offering a number to call.
Between them they represent the two countervailing trends that are shaping the election here — the decline in heavy industry and the rise of holy doctrine.
Ohio is not just a swing state for this election; it is a bellwether state accustomed to picking the winner in almost every election. No Republican has ever won the White House without taking it; Democrats have only done so twice.
And if Ohio is a marker of the national mood, Stark County (population 377Â 519), in which Canton is the main town, is the best indicator of what Ohio is thinking, backing the right candidate for president every election bar one over the past 40 years.
As Ohio goes, so goes the nation; as Stark County goes, so goes Ohio.
Stark County came by its status honestly. Its 921sq kilometres span cornfields, steel plants, suburbs and slums.
It couldn’t be anywhere in the United States — its plains are too plain to be anywhere other than the Midwest — but with the exception of Latinos it has a proportionate piece of everything and everybody.
“We have this reputation by virtue of the accident that all the major demographic groups are represented here,” says John Green, director of the University of Akron’s Bliss Institute for Applied Politics. “It’s a microcosm of the state.”
Of the many stops that Bush has made to Ohio since he was elected, one stands out. In April last year he visited a research facility for the steel and bearings factory Timken, in Canton.
Alongside him stood “Tim” Timken who earned a seat on the Ohio delegation at the Republican convention this year by raising more than $200 000 for Bush.
“The greatest strength of the American economy is found right here, right in this room,” said Bush.
“I know you’re optimistic about the future of this company, and I’m optimistic about the future of our country.”
Almost exactly a year later Timken announced plans to close down three of its bearings factories, putting 1 300 people out of work. In a county where unemployment stands at 10% and a city that has lost 3 700 jobs since Bush came to office, the news hits hard.
A woman walking out of Stark County’s job centre, The Employment Source, stops me without introduction.
“I don’t know about you but the world seems to bite you in the ass an awful lot nowadays,” she says.
Inside several people have been bitten hard and keep on trying to bite back.
Gail Wilson worked in human resources until she was “job eliminated” in June 2002. Since then she has been taking temporary work whenever she can get it and learning new computer skills while her two sons tide her over.
“I’ve lowered the bar over the years,” she says. “My last job I earned more than $20 an hour, but I’m looking at $10 an hour now because I need the work. I never would have supported Bush but now I’m telling everyone I know they’ve got to go for Kerry.”
As well as hardening up soft voters, Kerry may also be buoyed by the swell of new voters on the rolls.
Democratic areas of Ohio, where registration ended last week, have seen a 250% rise in new voters, compared with a 25% growth in Republican areas. In Stark county, where Bush won by 3%, there has been a relatively modest but nonetheless significant 6% increase in new voters.
Yet Bush still holds a narrow lead in Stark County, pipping Kerry by 46% to 44% with 9% still undecided in a poll released last week by the local newspaper The Repository.
“I’m going to vote for Bush,” says a Timkens worker coming off the afternoon shift who refused to be named.
“He’s screwing us with jobs, but I’m against abortion and Bush has stepped up over the war and I don’t think Kerry would have. I can get another job. But you can’t get another set of principles or another country if we get attacked again.”
Chris Paxos (26) who recently lost his job as a salesman for a small building maintenance company, adds: “I’m going to vote for Bush because he believes if you make money you get to keep it. And he’s for gun rights.”
Does Paxos have a gun? “No, but my parents do. I grew up around guns and I think you should be able to keep them.”
“You’d think people would worry more about the issues that affect their daily lives,” says Stan Jasionowski, president of United Steelworkers of America union Local 1123, which represents the bearings workers at Timken.
“But people keep bringing up abortion, gun control and gay rights.”
On polling day there will also be a referendum on the ballot to ban gay marriage, a ploy to mobilise the republican base.
“The economy is an important issue,” says Green. “But more people have concerns premised on other things like foreign policy matters or social issues. The new voters could make a difference, but nobody knows who they are and just because they are registered doesn’t mean they will vote.”
Down at 540 Eagle, one of the two gay bars in town, Bob Blackburn has just come off his shift in the steel mill, where he drives a forklift truck. He’s backing Kerry but the Republican emphasis on gay marriage doesn’t surprise him. “If they don’t have somebody to beat up on they’re in trouble. They need an enemy and they’ve decided to make us the enemy,” he says.
When people lose their job in America, more often than not, it is not just injurious to their bank balance but to their health. With no national health service, most people’s health insurance is tied to their job. “For small problems I can go to the free clinic,” says Wilson. “But if I got a catastrophic illness I would be up a creek without a paddle.”
“It just takes a little crisis and you’re finished,” says Donna Berkebile, program director of the Stark County Hunger Task Force, which has seen a 25% increase in people using its services over the past few years.
“Your child gets sick, you take them to the doctor and there goes the food money.”
Joan Iarussi has faced some major crises in the past few years, but she’s nowhere near finished. On June 8 she went in to Hoover one morning, as she had done for 17 years, to be told her job as a software engineer had been “terminated”.
Two years earlier her 52-year-old husband, who was a skilled steel worker, took early retirement as his company sought redundancies. After his company went under he found his pension was worth 20% of what he had been promised, after the government refused to underwrite it.
Still unable to find a job, Ms Iarussi is re-training; Mr Iarussi is cutting grass at the Hoover High School for less than a third of what he earned a few years ago. “It was like a death,” she says, referring to the loss of her job. “It’s my job to fix it and I’m looking for a plan.”
She doesn’t yet know how she is going to vote: Kerry seems too wishy-washy, while Bush too stubborn.
“I want to know that they have a plan in the same way I have a plan.” she says. “And I have to believe that their plan will work. I want my situation to improve with their plan and I want the world to improve with their plan. My little picture of the American dream is fading pretty fast.”
As often happens with those who make up their mind late, if Iarussi does not hear what she wants by polling day she will vote against the incumbent. “I think we have given Bush a chance,” she says. “I have had to reinvent myself to look for a new job. He could too.”
Next stop, Dearborn, Michigan – Guardian Unlimited Â