Sixty-five journalists were killed in 2005 — 13 less than the previous year — and freedom of the press was still under threat in many countries, according to the International Press Institute’s (IPI) annual report, published on Thursday in Vienna.
Iraq, where 23 journalists were killed last year, was still ”the most murderous country for journalists to report from”, the media watchdog said in its report, titled Media Wars: Year Zero, which looked at conditions in 175 countries.
Nine journalists were found dead in the Philippines, three in Bangladesh and Haiti, and 27 in 18 other countries across Africa, Latin America, Asia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East, IPI added.
The institute, which was founded in New York in 1950 and is present in 120 countries, also emphasised restrictions on press freedoms around the world.
”In all the regions of the world, governments are intent on hindering the media’s work,” by using press laws, emergency decrees, false arrest and imprisonment, physical violence and intimidation, IPI said last year, on the occasion of World Press Freedom Day.
”In many countries, the institutions of government refuse to provide up-to-date information, ministers decline to be interviewed and individual journalists or media organisations are excluded from press conferences,” it said then.
IPI director Johann Fritz pointed out a British draft legislation ”prohibiting the ‘glorification’ of terrorism” following the July bombings in London and an European Union discussion over the role of the media in ”radicalising” terrorism.
These steps ”signalled a shift in the balance between liberty and security and shaped the political debate over the controversial cartoons of Muhammad published by the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten”, he wrote in his foreword to the latest report.
Fritz criticised China which ”is embracing capitalism without introducing the requisite freedoms” and ”American computer companies [who] helpfully censored their internet software” in compliance with Beijing to establish themselves in the country.
”In 2005, more journalists were imprisoned in Nepal than in any other country,” the report pointed out, also criticising countries like the United States and France, where journalists were prosecuted for refusing to reveal their sources.
In Africa, the institute said freedom of the press was ”being swiftly eroded” and legislation was used to hinder the work of journalists, in particular in Zimbabwe where the ”government has used every means at its disposal to silence the media”.
”The situation for the mass media in Russia continues to be difficult,” it also said, adding ”in addition to the attacks on journalists, the media have engaged in a great deal of self-censorship, which was demonstrated by the coverage of the January social-benefit reform protests”.
IPI however praised among others Chile, Guatemala, Honduras and Panama for getting rid of so-called ”desacato” or insult laws.
The institute will hold its next annual congress in May in Edinburgh. ‒ Sapa-AFP