Israeli forces were pulling out of the Gaza Strip on Monday following a tentative truce with Hamas that allowed Palestinians to take stock of the devastating three-week war.
Military officials said troops and tanks that had poured into Gaza on January 3 as part of an offensive to counter Palestinian rocket attacks were gradually leaving, though they remained ready to tackle any flare-ups in fighting.
Israel and Hamas separately declared ceasefires on Sunday, to the relief of Western powers that, while publicly sympathetic to the Jewish state’s security concerns, were alarmed by the mounting humanitarian toll in the impoverished territory.
The crisis clouded the last days of the Bush administration. It spelled Middle East challenges that United States president-elect Barack Obama, who is to be sworn in on Tuesday, may find no less insurmountable than those faced by his predecessors.
As Palestinians emerged from hiding, agape at the killing of more than 1 300 fellow Gazans and at the widespread destruction of homes and government infrastructure, the head of the Hamas administration claimed a ”popular victory” against Israel.
”The enemy has failed to achieve its goals,” Ismail Haniyeh said in a speech.
Hamas’s truce decision, conditioned on Israel withdrawing within a week, was ”wise and responsible,” he said.
Israel launched its air, ground and sea assault on December 27 vowing to ”change the reality” for southern border towns that, since 2001, had taken fire from Hamas and other Palestinian factions armed with mostly improvised short-range rockets.
Though there were sporadic salvoes on Sunday, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert declared the mission accomplished — noting a flurry of diplomatic efforts by the United States, Egypt and European countries to prevent Hamas rearming.
That would mean as yet unspecified measures to stop Hamas smuggling weapons across the Egypt-Gaza frontier, a sensitive matter given Cairo’s past efforts to play down its scope.
Israeli Internal Security Minister Avi Dichter threatened a military response to any renewed flow of arms into the Gaza Strip, saying Israel would view such smuggling as an attack on its territory.
”That means, if smuggling is renewed, Israel will view it as if it were fired upon,” Dichter told Israel Radio.
For now, Gaza’s situation looks much as it did before the conflict — armed stand-off and a dim future for the 1,5-million people fenced inside the strip by a blockade aimed at punishing Islamist Hamas for rocket fire and ambitions to destroy Israel.
Humanitarian demands
According to the Palestinian Statistics Bureau, some 4 000 residential buildings were reduced to rubble during the conflict. Western diplomats have said it could cost at least $1,6-billion to repair the infrastructure damage in Gaza.
”I don’t know what sort of future I have now — only God knows my future after this,” said Amani Kurdi, a 19-year-old student, as she surveyed the wreckage of Gaza’s Islamic University, where she had studied science.
Hamas officials, during talks with Egyptian mediators, said the faction demanded the opening of all Gaza’s border crossings for the entry of materials, food, goods and basic needs.
French President Nicolas Sarkozy — joined on Sunday by leaders of Germany, Britain, Spain, Italy and the Czech Republic as current president of the EU for talks with Olmert — called on Israel to open Gaza’s borders to aid as soon as possible.
Olmert said Israel wanted out of Gaza as soon as possible and his spokesperson, Mark Regev, said ”enormous amounts” of aid could be allowed in if the quiet holds.
In Israel, which lost 10 troops in combat and three civilians to rocket attacks, the offensive was popular and bolstered the prospects of Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni and Defence Minister Ehud Barak before a February 10 election.
Yet opinion polls still predict an easy win for right-wing opposition leader Benjamin Netanyahu, who had opposed Israel’s 2005 withdrawal from Gaza after 38 years of occupation, arguing that it would embolden hardline Palestinian Islamists.
Though much of the international community shuns Hamas, it has strong grassroots support and Gaza’s suffering threatened to sap the credibility of Western-backed Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and his efforts to negotiate peace with Israel.
”The goal remains a durable and fully respected ceasefire that will lead to stabilisation and normalisation in Gaza,” US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said.
A spokesperson for Obama said he welcomed the Gaza truce and would say more about the Gaza situation after he is inaugurated. – Reuters