The unique lost rainforest of Mount Mabu is to be given protection from exploitation, after a new expedition to the remote area revealed a host of new species.
The existence of the pristine forest in northern Mozambique was revealed by the Observer last year, and was originally discovered with the help of Google Earth. It is now thought to be the largest such forest in Southern Africa.
At a meeting this week in the capital Maputo, government ministers agreed to put conservation measures in place before any commercial logging occurs there after meeting representatives from the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, the Mulanje Mountain Conservation Trust (MMCT), and numerous other groups involved in the project.
”The three messages we conveyed were that there is rich biodiversity in Mozambique, that butterflies and botany can be as important as mammals, and that conservation policy should take into consideration areas such as these mountains or the coastal forests, that do not easily fit into the usual category of national park,” said Kew’s Jonathan Timberlake. The media coverage had clinched the participation of the British government, added Paul Smith, head of the Millennium Seed Bank project at Kew.
Julian Bayliss of MMCT, who first identified Mount Mabu as an area of possible exploration using satellite imagery on Google Earth said: ”As scientists it is incredibly exciting to go into a previously unexplored area and discover new species of butterfly, snake and chameleon, but our aim was always to secure pledges of conservation towards the protection of these sites.”
The first full-scale expedition to Mabu last October uncovered three new species of butterfly, a new species of bush viper, a number of rare birds and potentially unrecorded plants. ”These expeditions into the area are absolutely essential to securing conservation measures,” said Smith. ”Unless you know what’s there, then no protective decision can be taken about management of those areas.”
Outside the forest, the land has been devastated by civil war, but inside the landscape was almost untouched. Ignorance of its existence, poor access and the forest’s value as a refuge for villagers during the fighting had combined to protect it. The scientists fear that with local people returning to the area, and Mozambique’s economy booming, pressure to cut the forest for wood or burn it to make space for crops will threaten the ecology.
Just weeks before presenting their findings in Maputo, Bayliss was convinced that further new species could be discovered and so gathered a team of experts for a final expedition into the area.
After trekking into the thick forest, the team spent its time setting up butterfly traps in sunspots, overturning stones and fallen branches searching for frogs, and tapping at the huge mahogany buttresses to awaken sleeping snakes. Nights saw the bat nets go up and torch-lit searches for chameleons.
”Hunting chameleons at night is much easier,” explained herpetologist Bill Branch. ”Because at night they sit out in the open and they bleach to a white colour, which means they stand out in torch light.”
The pygmy chameleons, no bigger than a thumb, were in abundance, but it took three nights to uncover a different beautiful creature with perfectly coiled tail. ”It appears similar to the one that is considered endemic to Mount Mulanje, but frankly from the colouration I suspect we have a new species here. This is what I came to Mabu to find,” said Branch.
The expedition discovered eight new species of amphibians, four of butterfly and a new pseudo scorpion.
The findings were reported at the meeting in Maputo, where representatives from the Mozambican department of agricultural research, Birdlife International, WWF, the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and the British High Commission joined the others to convince the government to commit to protection. ”It was an extremely positive outcome,” said Smith. – guardian.co.uk