New view of an old city: The 72-storey Shard building
On July 7 a giant metaphor will be launched in London. The prime minister of Qatar will fly over especially; his supporting act will be Prince Andrew. Foreign dignitaries will be treated to a lavish dinner while lowly residents of the capital can gawk at a free laser show that threatens to outdo George Lucas.
This is how developers plan to “inaugurate” the Shard, the 72-storey skyscraper that already stalks Londoners everywhere they go. It glowers over your conversations in Peckham; it skulks in your eyeline as you amble along Hampstead Heath. Get up close to Europe’s tallest tower and its 310 metres render everything around it toy-like, laughable.
The money men behind the Shard would like the rest of us to treat it merely as a building. Ideally, you should marvel at its jutting architecture (the work of Renzo Piano, don’t you know); failing that, they could take you castigating its arrogant flashiness.
But before falling for the predictable Shard-enfreude, we should think again. Because what is approaching completion on London’s South Bank is almost the perfect metaphor for how the capital is being transformed – for the worse. The skyscraper both encapsulates and extends the ways in which London is becoming more unequal and dangerously dependent on hot money.
Consider again the story of the Shard. This is a high-rise building that has been imposed on London Bridge despite protests from residents, conservation groups and a warning from Unesco that it may compromise the world heritage status of the nearby Tower of London. What is more, its owners and occupiers will have little to do with the area, which, for all its centrality, is also home to some of the worst deprivation and unemployment in the city. The building is 95% owned by the government of Qatar and its developer, Irvine Sellar, talks of it as a “virtual town”, comprising a five-star hotel and Michelin-starred restaurants.
Identifiable buildings
It will also have 10 flats that are on sale for between £30-million and £50-million and from where, on a clear day, it will be easier to gaze out to the North Sea, 114 km away, than at the beetle-sized locals 65 floors below. “We won’t really market these apartments,” the public relations man cheerily said. “At this level of the market there are probably only 25 to 50 possible buyers in the world. The agents will simply phone them.”
So, one of London’s most identifiable buildings will have almost nothing to do with the city itself. Even the office space rented out at the bottom is intended for hedge funds and financiers wanting more elbow room than they can afford in the city or Mayfair. The only working-class Londoners will presumably bus in at night from the outskirts to clean the bins. Otherwise, to all intents and purposes, this will be the Tower of the 1%.
Perhaps the most remarkable thing about the Shard is that it exemplifies a number of trends. First, it confirms how far the core of London is becoming, in industrial terms, a one-horse town. Finance, which began in the Square Mile, has spread to Docklands in the east, Mayfair in the west and now to the South Bank.
Second, it proves that buildings are no longer merely premises owned by businesses, but are now chips for investment. What is more, these chips are increasingly owned by people who barely ever set foot in the country. A study by Cambridge University last year, “Who Owns the City?”, found that 52% of the city’s offices were now in the hands of foreign investors – up from just 8% in 1980. Foreigners are piling into London property at an ever-increasing rate as they look for relatively safe havens from the global financial turmoil. And yet, as the Cambridge team pointed out, the giddy combination of overseas cash and heavy borrowing has left London in a precarious position. Another credit crunch, or a meltdown elsewhere in the world, would now almost certainly have big knock-on effects in the capital.
The same story applies to London’s housing market. Earlier this year the upmarket estate agent Savills noted that Britons now made just more than one in every three property purchases in the posh parts of central London. “The more central the market and the more expensive the property, the more likely it is to be purchased by an overseas buyer or foreign national,” its report noted.
London has historically always been the point at which foreign money enters Britain and disperses in search of a place to invest. But, as Louis Moreno of University College London points out, what has happened over the past 15 years is that an unprecedented amount of foreign money has come into London – and lodged there in its property. The cash has not gone into productive enterprises that will benefit or employ ordinary Londoners. It has sat in plush new flats or office blocks. And now, on the South Bank, it is setting up its biggest home yet. – © Guardian News and Media 2012