Mitsuyasu Maeno was a Japanese actor who appeared in Nikkatsu Roman porno films. He died in a suicide attack on Yoshio Kodama, a multimillionaire right-wing leader and leading figure in the Lockheed bribery scandals.
Maeno was born Shimoichiro Maeno in about 1947. He attended classes in acting at the University of California in 1967. Maeno was married twice, and both marriages ended in divorce. His troubled personal life also included a failed suicide attempt.
According to his father, Maeno came under the influence of the right-wing and ultranationalistic philosophies of the writer Yukio Mishima. In November 1970, Mishima had attempted to incite the Self-Defence Forces to overthrow the 1947 Constitution of Japan. When his efforts to restore Japan to a wartime samurai ethic failed, Mishima committed ritual suicide.
In contrast to the vocal right wing, numbering approximately 120 000 in 1976, the “secret” or “romantic” rightists Maeno joined harboured a hatred of Japan’s 1947 “Peace Constitution”, and adhered to the samurai beliefs of bushidō. According to contemporary estimates, this group numbered between 10 000 and 30 000 in the mid-1970s.
In 1971, Maeno attended a meeting of ultranationalists in Tokyo’s Okura Hotel. Featured at the meeting was “Song of the Race”, a composition by right wing leader Yoshio Kodama. The lyrics to the song, which the meeting promoted as the new national anthem, called for an overthrow of the government and a restoration of Japan’s World War II Imperial policies. Kodama had been associated with gangsters and ultranationalism since the war years, and had served two years in prison as a Class A war criminal. One of the most powerful figures in post-war Japan, he was largely responsible for the yakuza’s resurgence. Though Maeno had no real political connections, he came to admire Kodama as an ultranationalist leader.
Acting career
Maeno had difficulty in getting work in film, and began appearing in softcore pornographic films because of the better money. By 1976, more than two-thirds of Japan’s films were in the pink film genre in which Maeno appeared. Nikkatsu, Japan’s oldest studio, had specialised in these softcore pink films since late 1971, and by the time of his death he had appeared in about 20 of the company’s Roman porno films. He had most recently appeared in his best-known role, Nikkatsu’s Tokyo Emmanuelle (1976), for which he received screen billing. In this film he made love to the popular actress Kumi Taguchi while flying a plane. The film was the half-Caucasian Taguchi’s debut for Nikkatsu, having appeared previously in films for Toei. Tokyo Emmanuelle later became the first of Nikkatsu’s Roman pornos to be distributed in Britain.
Maeno was also an amateur pilot, and was registered at the Taiyo Flying Club. According to flight instructor Kiyoshi Yagi, Maeno had told him before the attack that he intended to crash his plane into Kodama’s home.
The Lockheed scandal
In early 1976, Japan was scandalised by news of the Lockheed bribery scandals, and the involvement of the highest levels of Japanese political power, including Yoshio Kodama. Kodama had been confined to his house since suffering a stroke in 1975. He was accused of accepting more than $7-million from the Lockheed Corporation to bribe Japanese officials to facilitate sales of their airplanes.
Maeno, disillusioned by a man he had previously respected, told friends that he believed Kodama had betrayed the right wing and the samurai code he espoused. The extreme brand of nationalism to which Kodama and Maeno adhered had generally remained hidden from public view until Kodama’s exposure in the Lockheed scandal. Calling Kodama a “shameful person”, he considered the lobbyist’s acceptance of money from Lockheed to be a national disgrace.
The attack
In early March 1976, Maeno flew around Kodama’s neighborhood in Setagaya, gaining knowledge of the area in preparation for an attack. On the morning of March 23, 1976, Maeno arrived in the western suburbs of Tokyo at Chofu Airport with two friends. All three were dressed in the uniforms of kamikaze pilots, and Maeno informed airport officials that they were renting two planes for a kamikaze segment of a film. The flight was to prepare publicity for a planned film on the suicide bombers. Before 9am, the actor posed in his uniform, wearing a white scarf, rising-sun images on his sleeve, and a headband in front of the Piper Cherokee plane he had rented.
With Maeno in one plane and his two companions in another; the three flew around Tokyo for a period of about one hour. Maeno then told his friends that he had business in Setagaya – Kodama’s neighbourhood. The other plane, with the cameraman on board, accompanied Maeno on the flight to Kodama’s residence. Maeno flew low over Kodama’s home, circling twice before diving into the building. An amateur radio operator reported that at 9.50a.m. he heard Maeno call out “JA3551” – the number of his plane – and then saying emotionally, “Sorry I haven’t replied for a long time. Long live the Emperor! (天皇陛下万歳 Tennō heika banzai!),” after which the transmission suddenly ceased.
Maeno hit the second-floor veranda of the home and died in the crash. The crash caused a fire, which started on the second floor of the home, and two servants were injured in the attack. Kodama was resting in another part of the building when Maeno attacked. He was not harmed in the attack and was carried from his home in a blanket. Kodama’s yakuza bodyguards then went quickly to work to stop the fire. Angered, the guards attacked reporters who arrived on the scene. The reporters later complained that police had warned them not to “excite the young men”.
When news of the attack became known, a group of about 20 right wing demonstrators arrived on the scene and clashed with the police in front of Kodama’s home. At first fearing a conspiracy, police later confirmed that Maeno had acted on his own.
Aftermath
Kodama was unharmed in the attack and went to trial in June 1977. The trial was postponed. Before it concluded, on January 17 1984, Kodama suffered another stroke and died peacefully. Shortly before his death, the right-wing leader had expressed the view that he was being punished for taking money from Lockheed, a company that had built aircraft to fight Japan during World War II.
In the years after his death, Maeno’s Roman porno appearances attracted a cult following among enthusiasts of the genre. Nearly three decades after his death, Maeno’s career as an actor received a posthumous recognition of his best-known film appearance, in Chilean writer Antonio Skármeta’s 2003 novel, The Dancer and the Thief. In the novel, lead character Ángel meets his love interest in front of a Japanese cinema. The poster advertising Tokyo Emmanuelle and its cast, including Maeno’s name, misspelled as “Mitsuyaso Mainu”, becomes a point of connection between the two.
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