Illegal Mining Socioeconomic Effects

latest news & developments

Standoff: Zama zamas mining at abandoned sites exacerbate environmental harm and cause security issues. Photo: Delwyn Verasamy

ARTISANAL MINING SOUTH AFRICA

Illegal mining proliferates when the state fails to issue closure certificates and regulate compliance

The problem has wide-ranging socio-economic and environmental impacts, says a draft mine closure strategy

Sheree Bega