During his visit to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and South Sudan in February, Pope Francis intends to meet African Catholics, but also to listen to political leaders and young Africans.
He has convened a worldwide consultation on the future of the Catholic Church. This consultation, called a synodal process, began in 2021 and will conclude in 2024.
It is the most ambitious dialogue on changes in Catholic beliefs and practices since the Second Vatican Council’s reforms in 1965.
The synodal process has exposed the fault lines in modern Catholicism on the issues of women, celibacy, sexuality, marriage, clericalism and hierarchism. How Pope Francis, who marks a decade of his papacy this year, manages these divisive issues will largely define his legacy.
The big questions are how another papal visit to Africa at this point will address the difficulties and opportunities that Africans are identifying through the synodal process and how this plays into the state of Catholicism in Africa.
The Catholic church is witnessing its fastest growth in Africa (recent statistics show 2.1% growth from 2019 to 2020). Out of a global population of 1.36 billion Catholics, 236 million are African (20% of the total).
African Catholics are not simply growing in number. They are reinventing and reinterpreting Christianity. They are infusing it with new language and spiritual vibrancy through unique ways of worshipping God.
Given its expansion, the Catholic church in Africa is well placed to be a central driver of social, political and spiritual life. In many settings, the church provides a community of hope where the fabric of society is weak because of war, humanitarian disasters and disease.
The DRC, for instance, has the highest number of Catholic health facilities in Africa at 2 185. It is followed by Kenya with 1 092 and Nigeria with 524 facilities.
Additionally, bishops have mobilised peaceful protests against violence in the DRC and Nigeria.
The continent is also witnessing a “youth bulge”. Central to Pope Francis’ advocacy for Africa is his appeal that churches, religious groups and governments show solidarity with young people. He calls them “the church of now”.
The pope said this most recently in November last year during a synodal consultation with African youth. He denounced the exploitation of Africa by external forces and its destruction by wars, ideologies of violence and policies that rob young people of their future.
Pope Francis will bring the message of a humble and merciful church to some of the most problem-ridden parts of Africa: the DRC and South Sudan.
These two countries illustrate the effect of neoliberal capitalism and slavery, colonialism and imperialism. Together, they have unleashed the most destructive economic, social and political upheaval in modern African history.
Pope Francis is coming to listen especially to the poor, to young people and to women who have been violated in conflicts. He also hopes to address the hidden wounds of clerical sexual abuse in the church.
Pope Francis will see how war, dictatorship and ecological disasters have denied people access to land, labour and lodging. These are the “three Ls” he proposes as vital in giving agency to the poor.
He will no doubt receive a warm welcome during his visit. Most African Catholics embrace his message of a poor and merciful church because it speaks to their problems.
But there are many African Catholics, particularly high-ranking church leaders, who are yet to embrace this reform agenda. The previous two popes encouraged a centralising tendency, which promoted unquestioning loyalty to Rome by African bishops. As a result, these bishops resisted attempts by African theologians to modernise and Africanise Catholic beliefs and practices to meet local needs and circumstances.
This has led to some African bishops being uncomfortable with Pope Francis’s progressive agenda on liberation theology, openness to gay Catholics, condemnation of clerical privilege and power, and inclusion of women in mainstream leadership.
Rather than being a strong church that looks like Africa, some of the Catholic dioceses on the continent have embraced mediaeval traditions — such as Roman rituals and Latin — that alienate African Catholics, especially young people.
Pope Francis has often spoken of giving Africa a voice in the church and in the world. Many African Catholics wonder how this will happen when, for the first time in more than 30 years, there is just one African holding an important executive function at the Vatican. This is Archbishop Protase Rugambwa of Tanzania, the secretary of the Dicastery for the Evangelisation of Peoples, a department at the Vatican’s central offices.
Many African Catholics hope that Pope Francis will announce some African appointments to the Vatican.
They also are hoping he will create a pontifical commission for Africa, similar to the Latin American commission created in 1958. This will be a significant way of giving African Catholics a voice in the church of Rome.
Pope Francis hasn’t fully recovered from the health problems that led to the cancellation of the trip last July.
Through the sessions that the pope will conduct with Africans, it’s hoped that the Catholic church in Africa can help address the causes of war and suffering in the DRC and South Sudan, and the obstacles to reforming the church in Africa.
This article first appeared in The Continent, the pan-African weekly newspaper produced in partnership with the Mail & Guardian. It’s designed to be read and shared on WhatsApp. Download your free copy here.
The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Mail & Guardian.