In the back streets of Gaza’s refugee camps they have little doubt about why they believe Prime Minister Ariel Sharon has a free hand to bulldoze their homes, rocket their neighbourhoods and cage the West Bank behind a vast ”security fence”. It is because the United States lets him do so.
Within the Palestinian political class, a distinction is drawn between Americans. There are those seen as the real villains of the piece — the neoconservatives in the US security and military establishment, and a Congress in the pocket of the pro-Israel lobby. And there are those, led by Colin Powell, the Secretary of State, who are acknowledged to take a more sceptical view of Israel’s prime minister.
But the result is the same.
The sheer scale of American influence, its dual and contradictory role as the principal mediator in the conflict while at the same time remaining Israel’s strongest ally, makes the US an obvious target for the more extreme Palestinian factions. But also a daunting one.
Until Wednesday there had been no major attacks on Americans or their interests in Israel or the occupied territories (leaving aside an abortive attempt to blow up a US embassy convoy in Gaza three months ago).
”Everybody understands how important the US is in this situation,” said Shmuel Sandler, an analyst and professor at Bar-Ilan university.
”Even if the Palestinians think the Americans side with Israelis, they also know the Americans are the only ones who can stop Israel.
”Hamas and [Islamic] Jihad understand that. Certainly the Palestinian Authority understands that. This bombing is suicidal for them.”
That truth was reflected in the speed with which the leadership of Hamas and Islamic Jihad, now operating underground to escape Israeli attacks, denied responsibility for Wednesday’s attack.
But a group representing factions of both organisations, in addition to Yasser Arafat’s Fatah, later claimed it engineered the huge explosion.
US diplomatic convoys are a frequent sight in Gaza. Sometimes they carried President George W Bush’s special envoy, John Wolf, between the Palestinians and Israelis, sometimes CIA agents responsible for monitoring both sides. Wednesday’s convoy was taking a cultural attaché to interview Palestinian applicants for a Fulbright scholarship.
Sandler said the attack was all the more mystifying because US monitors on the ground often worked in the Palestinians’ favour.
”They monitor settlement activity, they meet Palestinian officials and give them status. The Palestinian Authority will pay the highest political price for this,” he said.
That may have been precisely the objective.
Some Hamas and Islamic Jihad cells have been increasingly disturbed by what they see as the authority’s willingness to bow to US demands, with no discernible benefits for the Palestinian population.
Palestinian critics of the US role note that the authority buckled when the White House demanded political and financial reform, including a new prime minister, Mahmoud Abbas, in the attempt to sideline Arafat.
And when Bush told Abbas to renounce the intifada, he did so, angering many Palestinians who believed he had undermined the legitimacy of their struggle against occupation.
In return, say the Palestinians, they got little from the Americans, particularly when Abbas engineered a ceasefire and looked to the US to stop Israel wrecking it.
Some more militant factions began to consider whether dealing with the Americans amounted to collaboration because, the logic went, doing the US’s bidding appeared only to serve Israel’s interests.
There was fresh anger at the US this week. It may be a coincidence, but the attack came hours after Washington vetoed a United Nations Security Council resolution condemning Israel for constructing a ”security fence” through the West Bank that effectively annexes some Palestinian territory and cages tens of thousands of people.
Shortly before, the US had defended Israel’s weekend raid on Rafah refugee camp in southern Gaza in which eight people died and 120 homes were bulldozed or shelled, ostensibly in search of tunnels believed to be used to smuggle weapons from Egypt.
Gerald Steinberg, an Israeli analyst, said Wednesday’s attack would weaken American backing for the Palestinians.
”It makes the relationship go from bad to worse. It’ll weaken the American limitations on Israel acting in Gaza and even against Arafat,” he said. — Â