United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has urged the Sudanese government and all rebel groups to agree to a ceasefire in Darfur, saying deteriorating security is undermining efforts to help thousands of civilians caught in an upsurge in fighting.
In his monthly report to the UN Security Council on Wednesday, Ban singled out attacks in West Darfur, which borders Chad, heightened tensions in camps for the displaced across Darfur, and continued banditry and vehicle hijackings — including 23 fully loaded UN World Food Programme trucks between January 1 and 24.
The secretary general painted a grim picture of a worsening conflict seven weeks after a joint African Union-UN force took over peacekeeping duties in Darfur from a beleaguered 7 000-strong AU force, and a year after the UN and AU launched a new effort to get a political settlement.
Sudan’s Arab-dominated government has been accused of unleashing the Janjaweed militia of Arab nomads to commit atrocities against Darfur’s ethnic African communities in the fight with rebel groups. At least 200 000 people have been killed and 2,2-million displaced since the fighting began five years ago.
The AU-UN force is authorised to have 26 000 troops and police, but Ban said only about 7 500 military personnel and 1 500 police officers were in Darfur on January 31. He appealed to all countries that have pledged troops to expedite their deployment.
At Sudan’s insistence, the UN Security Council agreed that the force would be predominantly African. But the Sudanese government has refused to approve non-African units from Thailand, Nepal and Nordic countries, which withdrew their offer.
Ban said he discussed ”the critical issue of the composition of the force” with Sudan’s President Omar al-Bashir on the sidelines of the AU summit in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on January 31 and ”the president’s response was not definitive”. He said the speed of the AU-UN force’s deployment ”depends critically on this issue being resolved as soon as possible”.
Challenges
Another critical issue for the hybrid force is the lack of offers of desperately needed helicopters, which Ban said are ”indispensible” for the peacekeeping mission. Ethiopia offered four attack helicopters, but two more are needed along with 18 transport helicopters, he said.
The secretary general cited other challenges as well including the lack of pledges for a heavy ground transport unit and a light transport unit, no final allocation of land for bases in Nyala and El Geneina, and long delays in clearing cargo from Sudanese customs.
Undersecretary general for peacekeeping Jean-Marie Guehenno, who visited the region from January 21 to 29, ”confirmed the tremendous challenges that the mission faces in providing even a modest level of protection to civilians in Darfur”, Ban said, citing the slow deployment of the force.
”The mission will not be in a position to effectively fulfil its mandate or meet the tremendous expectations of Darfur’s civilians with the meagre human and material resources currently in the mission area,” he warned.
Calling for swift deployment of all troops that have been pledged, he said the UN and AU must urgently demonstrate to people in Darfur affected by the conflict that the new force ”will bring a material improvement to their daily lives, or risk losing their confidence at this critical juncture”.
Ban said he remains ”extremely concerned” by recent hostilities between the government and Justice and Equality Movement rebels led by Khalil Ibrahim in West Darfur, and the build-up of their forces in the area bordering Chad. This has ”severely undermined” humanitarian conditions and access to civilians.
Attack condemned
He condemned ”in the strongest possible terms” attacks on civilians in three towns in West Darfur on February 8 that caused an estimated 200 casualties and forced more than 10 000 civilians to flee across the border to Chad. He also accused Chadian regular forces and JEM rebels of launching several attacks inside Sudanese territory, which raised tensions and led to a significant deterioration in security.
”In the light of the security conditions on the ground, the most urgent priority in Darfur is the establishment of a cessation of hostilities, with effective mechanisms for monitoring compliance and violations,” Ban said.
”To this end, I urge the government and all parties to cooperate fully with the efforts of the special envoys to convene negotiations as soon as possible,” he said. ”I reiterate my call on all parties to refrain from the use of force and to come to the negotiating table.”
The secretary general also stressed that normalising the deteriorating relations between Chad and Sudan ”is essential to the success of the peace process in Darfur and to the long-term prospect for peace in both countries”. — Sapa-AP