This computer generated image shows the Dragon spacecraft with solar panels deployed.
The unmanned SpaceX Dragon capsule flew within 2.4-km of the orbiting lab as it performed a practice lap and check out of its communication and navigation systems.
Officials at NASA and the SpaceX company declared the rendezvous a success and said the historic linkup is on track for Friday.
It is the first US vessel to visit the space station since NASA’s shuttles retired last summer – and the first private spacecraft to ever attempt a delivery. The Dragon is carrying 453.6kg of provisions.
Thursday’s accomplishment “is a big confidence boost. Everyone’s very excited,” said SpaceX mission director John Couluris.
After working all night and into the wee hours, he urged his team to go home and rest up for Friday.
“It’s exciting to be an American and part of putting American spacecraft into orbit, and we’re very proud right now.”
Upbeat mood
NASA flight director Holly Ridings said the mood is upbeat on her side as well, but noted “there’s still a lot of really new things that the teams need to perform and the vehicles, frankly, need to perform” on Friday.
“This is still definitely a demonstration flight,” she said at a news briefing.
As the pre-dawn hours of Thursday unfolded, the space station astronauts struggled with bad computer monitors and camera trouble as the Dragon zoomed toward them, but the problem did not hold up the operation. Indeed, all of the tests appeared to go well.
The astronauts successfully turned on Dragon’s strobe light by remote control, but could not see it because of the sun glare and distance of several miles.
The Dragon finally popped into camera view about 10 minutes later, appearing as a bright speck of light against the blackness of space, near the Earth’s blue horizon.
The two solar wings were clearly visible as the Dragon drew closer.
“Can nicely see the vehicle,” Dutch spaceman Andre Kuipers said.
Stockpile
SpaceX’s near-term objective is to help stockpile the space station, joining Russia, Europe and Japan in resupply duties.
In three or four more years, the company run by the billionaire who co-founded PayPal, Elon Musk, hopes to be launching station astronauts.
It is the cornerstone of President Barack Obama’s strategy for NASA: turning over orbital flights to private business so the space agency can concentrate on destinations farther afield, like asteroids and Mars.
Several US companies are vying for the opportunity.
Obama called Musk on Wednesday, a day after Dragon‘s flawless launch from Cape Canaveral, Florida, aboard the company’s Falcon 9 rocket.
“The president just called to say congrats. Caller ID was blocked, so at first I thought it was a telemarketer,” Musk said via Twitter early Thursday. He ended his tweet with a smiley emoticon.
Musk monitored Thursday’s operation from the SpaceX Mission Control in Hawthorne, California, where the company is based.
Space station
On Friday morning, two of the space station’s six astronauts, Kuipers and Donald Pettit, will use the space station’s robot arm to grab the Dragon and attach it to the complex.
The crew will have just under a week to unload the contents before releasing the spacecraft for re-entry next Thursday.
It is the only supply ship designed to return to Earth with experiments and equipment; the others burn up in the atmosphere.
SpaceX wants to provide regular service at much faster flight rates than the government-sponsored cargo ships, Couluris said. Two more supply trips are planned by year’s end.
The space shuttles used to be the primary means of getting things to and from the space station. Shuttle Discovery is now a museum relic, with Endeavour and Atlantis soon to follow.
Aboard the bell-shaped Dragon is food, clothes, batteries and other space station gear.
The space station and Dragon may be visible to Earthlings in select locations in the pre-dawn hours on Friday, while flying tandem just prior to their linkup 400km above the planet.
Among the many US cities with viewing opportunities if skies are clear: New York, Los Angeles, Washington, Chicago and Jacksonville, Florida. – Sapa-AP