'Steve' Whitehead has worked hard to present himself as a respectable security consultant.
The apartheid security police officer whose interrogation methods – including electric shocks, assault and 62 hours of non-stop questioning – led to the suicide of trade unionist Neil Aggett, has reinvented himself as a business counterintelligence consultant whose clients include government departments and major corporations.
This week Cosatu – into which Aggett's union was incorporated – called for former security police lieutenant Steven (Stephan) Whitehead to be prosecuted. Said Cosatu's Patrick Craven: "Now that the identity of this individual has been revealed, the law must take its course and the government must cease any commercial dealings with him."
Whitehead, who calls himself "Steve", is the founder and managing executive of Centurion-based "boutique company" Corporate Business Insight and Awareness (CBIA), described on its website as "South Africa's oldest company regarding competitive intelligence services, outsourcing, consulting and training".
Editorial: Time to bring this torturer to book
Whitehead's profile on the Who's Who Southern Africa website says CBIA "has provided counter-intelligence training to … various departments of the South African, Australian, British, Jordanian, Singapore and Rwandese governments" and that it is known throughout the international business intelligence community.
Who's Who continues: "Steve consults and offers various [competitive intelligence] and counterintelligence programmes for companies in industries such as telecommunications, ITC, financial services and logistics."
The Mail & Guardian could not identify the state departments in question. But the former general secretary of Aggett's union, attorney Jan Theron, said it was "disgraceful" that an ANC government was giving business to Whitehead, who had never sought amnesty from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), or apologised to Aggett's family.
Vulnerable to prosecution
Induced suicide is culpable homicide or murder in South African law and Whitehead is theoretically still vulnerable to prosecution.
The justice department's priority crimes litigation unit is charged with preparing cases against apartheid-era human-rights violators who did not receive amnesty. However, National Prosecuting Authority spokesperson Bulelwa Makeke would not reveal whether Whitehead was under investigation because it was not policy to do so.
The former security police lieutenant was thrust back into the spotlight by the publication of Beverley Naidoo's biography of Aggett, Death of an Idealist, in September.
The book quotes the TRC report handed to former president Nelson Mandela in October 28 1998, which reversed inquest magistrate Piet Kotzé's ruling that no one was to blame for Aggett's death.
It found that "the intensive interrogation of Dr Aggett by Major A Cronwright and Lieutenant Whitehead and the treatment he received while in detention for more than 70 days were directly responsible for the mental and physical condition of Dr Aggett, which led him to take his own life. The commission finds the former state, the minister of police, the commissioner of police and the head of the security branch responsible for the detention, torture and death of Dr Neil Aggett."
The hugely controversial suicide – Aggett was found hanged in his John Vorster Square police station cell on February 5 1982 – and the details of his torture that emerged at the inquest made headlines around the world.
On the telephone last week, Whitehead agreed that he was a former policeman, but demanded questions in writing and rang off when asked what section of the police he had worked for. His sole response to 15 questions emailed by the M&G, including the question "Did you, or policemen under your command, torture Neil Aggett?" was: "Allegations and assumptions do not cease to amaze me! I would appreciate it if you could forward me a copy of the alleged finding by the truth commission."
Interrogated continuously
When an excerpt from the TRC report cited by Naidoo was forwarded to him, he did not respond.
Whitehead was also emailed an extract from an affidavit made by Aggett to police sergeant Aletta Blom, quoted in Naidoo's book, which reads: "I was interrogated by Lieutenant Whitehead and every time he asked me a question and I denied it, he accusing (sic) me of calling him a liar. Then this Schalk [a railway police sergeant] would assault me."
In the same affidavit Aggett complains of being interrogated continuously from the morning of January 28 to January 30 1982 – a total of 62 hours – and of being given electric shocks after being blindfolded (by Whitehead) and handcuffed.
Auret van Heerden, held in the cell next to Aggett's, testified at the inquest about the unionist's mental and physical disintegration before his death and that he had considered reporting him as a suicide risk.
Whitehead has made a determined bid over 30 years to reinvent himself as a respectable corporate citizen. On the Who's Who website, he said he had presented papers at conferences in South Africa, the United States, England, Belgium, Germany, France and Australia and was a regular presenter and facilitator at the European conferences of the world body Strategic and Competitive Intelligence Professionals (SCIP).
His website carries numerous photographs of him rubbing shoulders with foreign dignitaries, including SCIP president Paul Dishman, and he boasts of his company becoming the first SCIP partner-programme member in 2003, "an event celebrated with a promotional function at the Michelangelo Hotel in Sandton".
Counterintelligence
The M&G sent questions about the SCIP's association with Whitehead to its director of information, Bonnie Hohhof. She had not replied by the time of printing.
In September, CBIA hosted a three-day conference on business counterintelligence at upmarket bush lodge KwaMaritane with a top fee of R12 500 a delegate. Keynote speakers listed on the programme, alongside Whitehead, included Telkom's Steve Jump, Nedbank's Malcolm Smith – he said this week that he did not speak or attend – and the University of Johannesburg's Professor Basie von Solms, who could not be contacted.
Diamond company De Beers sent a delegate, but spokesperson Tom Tweedie said that if the company had known Whitehead's history, it "would have taken a view" before attending. De Beers took human rights issues seriously, as shown by its close co-operation with Global Witness and the Canada-Africa Partnership on blood diamonds, Tweedie said.
Other local and international companies featured on CBIA's website as having engaged with the company include Shell Nigeria and De Beers Namibia. Shell South Africa's security manager, Brandt Brecher, would not confirm or deny using CBIA's services, saying that internal security matters were confidential.
Professional associates of Whitehead contacted this week knew little or nothing of his background and were clearly shocked to hear of it. "This is hideous news," said Andrea Muller of Security Focus, who attended the KwaMaritane conference and said she had always had a good relationship with Whitehead. She declined further comment.
Like-minded professionals
Technews's Andrew Sheldon, also a keynote speaker at KwaMaritane, said he would "hesitate" to appear on the same platform as Whitehead in future.
Whitehead also failed to seek amnesty for two other alleged offences connected to the Aggett case.
In 2000, policeman Paul Erasmus testified at the TRC that Whitehead had commissioned him to break into the Somerset West home of Aggett's parents and snoop for evidence relating to the inquest, specifically material showing that Aggett had suicidal tendencies from childhood.
The TRC also heard that the chambers of advocate George Bizos, who represented the Aggett family at the inquest, were bugged by the security police. Bizos said last week that Whitehead was "a very well-rehearsed witness".
In 2002, the former policeman denied to the M&G that he was involved in the bugging.
Whitehead formed CBIA in 1994 with "like-minded professionals". He did not answer an M&G question about whether the "professionals" referred to were also former security policemen.
No doubt about identity
Corporate Business Insight and Awareness boss (CBIA) Stephan Whitehead has refused to confirm or deny that he is the former security police lieutenant who led the interrogation of trade unionist Neil Aggett. But there can be no doubt that he is.
Apart from Whitehead’s suggestive failure this week to answer the Mail & Guardian’s questions, including one about whether he tortured Aggett, there is compelling circumstantial evidence that the individuals are one and the same:
The photograph of Whitehead that accompanies his Who’s Who website profile closely resembles photographs of him taken 30 years ago during the Aggett inquest;
His inquest affidavits are in the unusual part-Afrikaans, part-English name of “Stephan Peter Whitehead”. A company search revealed that a person of this precise name is a member of CBIA;
A further search reveals his birth date as January 20 1957, meaning that he was 25 at the time of the death of Aggett, who was three years older. In his book No One to Blame, the lawyer who represented the family at the inquest, George Bizos, refers to Whitehead as “a plump, bespectacled 25-year-old lieutenant [who] never looked me in the eye” (and, incidentally, as “a thoroughly unsavoury character”).
But the clincher is an article the M&G published in 2002 about Whitehead’s controversial role in “bug-proofing” offices for the Democratic Alliance-led Western Cape government.
In this, Whitehead implicitly confirmed that he had been Aggett’s interrogator, complaining that it was “unfair” to dredge up events of 20 years earlier and that doing so would harm his business.
A company search showed that Whitehead was a member of TSCM Services – the Pretoria-based company that carried out the debugging for the DA – after 1996 and has been a member of CBIA since 1995. He has now resigned from TSCM.
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The M&G Centre for Investigative Journalism (amaBhungane) produced this story. All views are ours. See www.amabhungane.co.za for our stories, activities and funding sources.