Girls who became child soldiers in the ethnic conflict in the northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) face rejection when they come home, a United Nations official has warned.
”The boys won’t have too many problems, but the girls, who are no longer virgins, who even have children, are not marriageable,” said Christine Peduto, a UN expert on child protection.
”And their parents won’t get a dowry. Their families won’t want them,” she added.
Nor will the fighters who got them pregnant.
”Very few have managed to form relationships,” Peduto said.
About 6 000 former child soldiers are awaiting UN help to rejoin civilian life in the troubled Ituri region, where two rival tribes, the Hemas and the Lendus, continued to fight each other even after wider national peace pacts were signed for the DRC in 2002.
About 4 700 UN soldiers are deployed in several towns in the area, where the fighting has drawn in soldiers from a UN peacekeeping mission and where a Kenyan military observer was shot dead in February.
Some village communities must bear part of the blame for the children’s fate. Children as young as 10 have been ”donated” to the militia groups to act as guards, porters and sometimes fighters, according to the UN.
The children now have to be separated from the adults to break the chain of command, and then be reintegrated into society.
Held since December in regroupment centres, the former child soldiers and about 9 000 adult militiamen have received no aid while they wait for a promised UN-supervised reintegration procedure to begin.
”They are beginning to get restless, and of course survive by extortion activities in nearby communities,” an official of the UN mission in the DRC (Monuc) said.
Some are still at large, surviving in the bush.
A locally elected ”interim coordinator” said the number of former fighters awaiting disarmament would likely rise to about 50 000, though Monuc disputes the figure.
Colonel Laurent Banal, an UN official in the DRC, said: ”The military situation is frozen on the national level. There is no integrated army yet.”
This means former militiamen who wish to build a future within the military face an uncertain future and those fed up with fighting are still waiting to be reintegrated into society.
The next stage will be to set up so-called transit sites for former militia members where each individual’s future path can be decided in detail, he said. The apparent inertia has exacerbated the deep mistrust between the Hemas and the Lendus.
”But the international community can’t do everything,” Banal said. ”We are waiting for the transitional authorities in Kinshasa to get involved.”
Reintegration has to take place in several stages. The first, which involves building awareness within the armed groups and communities, has already begun, Banal said.
A 10-year-old nicknamed Mortar 60 is among the lucky former child soldiers. He is already back in school, having gone home to take care of his father, who has since died, and is now with his mother. — Sapa-AFP