The United Nations is optimistic Sudan will stick to an accord on a United Nations-African Union force for troubled Darfur, a UN spokesperson said on Wednesday, but some diplomats feared Khartoum had set conditions.
After months of negotiations, Sudan accepted on Tuesday a joint UN-AU peacekeeping force of at least 20 000 troops and police. Khartoum’s delegation chief insisted on Wednesday there were no conditions.
”We are optimistic and will give the chance to full dialogue with the government of Sudan with complete transparency,” Radhia Achouri, UN spokesperson in Sudan, told reporters in Khartoum.
”We did experience delays based on misunderstandings,” she added, describing the prolonged negotiations. ”So far we have no reason to believe that the government of Sudan will back off.”
Sudan has signed several agreements in the past on its western Darfur region — beset by four years of violence — that have not been fully implemented.
Sudan’s delegation chief at the negotiations in Ethiopia, Mutrif Siddig, said Khartoum had accepted the proposal, which could include up to 19 555 troops and at least 3 700 police, but added the majority of the personnel should be African.
United States ambassador to the United Nations Zalmay Khalilzad said he heard Sudan had placed the condition to accept only African forces, which would be unacceptable. He threatened UN sanctions if such conditions existed, but Siddig said on Wednesday Sudan’s acceptance was unconditional.
”We are not imposing any conditions for the operation,” he told reporters in Khartoum. ”It will operate according to the agreed understanding.”
Sudan had no objection to non-African troops, he added.
Command and control
Mostly non-Arab rebels took up arms in early 2003, accusing the central government of neglecting remote Darfur. Khartoum mobilised militias to quell the revolt. The International Criminal Court has issued arrest warrants for a junior Cabinet minister and a militia leader for collusion in war crimes.
Sudan does not recognise the court’s authority. International experts estimate 200 000 have died in Darfur with 2,5-million driven from their homes. Khartoum says the death toll is 9 000.
President Omar Hassan al-Bashir rejected a Security Council resolution authorising UN troops to take over from a struggling 7 000-strong African force in Darfur. The hybrid UN-AU operation is a compromise.
”The character of the mission is an African character,” Siddig said. ”But if we fall short of meeting the demands from the African countries, definitely we will resort to other options.”
A likely sticking point would be over command and control. UN officials have said the Security Council would be reluctant to fund any operation over which they did not have overall command and control.
The written AU-UN report says backstopping and command-and-control structures would be provided by the UN. Siddig repeated that overall control would not go to the UN, but to the AU.
He added comments from a UN peacekeeping official last week that the world body would have overall control and the AU would have operational control were untrue. ”This is a misconception and it is already known that the overall command of the operation is [Congolese Foreign Minister Rodolphe] Adada, and the troop commander is an African.”
UN peacekeeping chief Jean-Marie Guehenno was expected the brief the Security Council on Wednesday to explain the results of the Addis Ababa talks.
With a lack of infrastructure and land for building barracks in Darfur, the force is not likely to deploy quickly. Delays have already hindered the deployment of 80 UN police and other support staff to the AU force. — Reuters